globals [ prob probHatch totalNumTurtles currentAge currentHealth ] turtles-own [ age health numMovements probAvoid] patches-own [ unsafe? ] ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; SETUP ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup ca createZones crt (numTurtles / 4) [ set age 0 set numMovements 0 setxy random-xcor random-ycor ] ; create turtles with a distribution of ages crt (numTurtles / 4) [ set age 1 set numMovements 0 setxy random-xcor random-ycor ] crt (numTurtles / 4) [ set age 2 set numMovements 0 setxy random-xcor random-ycor ] crt (numTurtles / 4) [ set age 3 set numMovements 0 setxy random-xcor random-ycor ] ask turtles [ setHealth setInitAvoid] ; health and avoid values are set based on their initial ages ifelse colorTurtleByAge [ ask turtles [setColorAge ] ] [ ask turtles [ setColorHealth ] ] ; color the turtles based on either their age or their health, as chosen by the user set-current-plot "TotalAge" clear-plot ask turtles [ ageGraph ] set-current-plot "TotalHealth" clear-plot ask turtles [ healthGraph ] set-current-plot "Health Vs Age" clear-plot ask turtles [ plotgraph ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ZONE CREATING FUNCTION ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to createZones ca if zone1 = true [ ask patches [ if pxcor = 0 [ set unsafe? true ] ] ask patches [ if pycor = 0 [ set unsafe? true ] ] ask patches with [ unsafe? = true ] [ set pcolor red ] ] if zone2 = true [ ask patches [ if pycor = ((1 / 2 ) * max-pxcor) and pxcor = ((1 / 2 ) * max-pycor) [ set unsafe? true] ] ask patches [ if pycor = ((1 / 2 ) * max-pxcor) and pxcor = ((-1 / 2 ) * max-pycor) [ set unsafe? true] ] ask patches [ if pycor = ((-1 / 2 ) * max-pxcor) and pxcor = ((1 / 2 ) * max-pycor) [ set unsafe? true] ] ask patches [ if pycor = ((-1 / 2 ) * max-pxcor) and pxcor = ((-1 / 2 ) * max-pycor) [ set unsafe? true] ] ask patches with [ unsafe? = true ] [ set pcolor red ] ] if zone3 = true [ ask patches [ if pxcor = pycor or pxcor = (- pycor) [ set unsafe? true ] ] ask patches with [ unsafe? = true ] [ set pcolor red ] ] if zone4 = true [ ask patches [ if pxcor = max-pxcor or pxcor = min-pxcor or pycor = max-pycor or pycor = min-pycor [ set unsafe? true ] ] ask patches with [ unsafe? = true ] [ set pcolor red ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; FUNCTIONS CALLED IN SETUP ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setHealth if age = 0 [ set health 10 ] if age = 1 [ set health 8 ] if age = 2 [ set health 6 ] if age >= 3 [ set health 4 ] end to setInitAvoid if age = 0 [ set probAvoid 10 ] if age = 1 [ set probAvoid 25 ] if age = 2 [ set probAvoid 40 ] if age = 3 [ set probAvoid 55 ] end to setColorAge if age = 0 [ set color magenta + 4 ] if age = 1 [ set color magenta + 2 ] if age = 2 [ set color magenta ] if age >= 3 [ set color magenta - 2 ] end to setColorHealth if health = 10 or health = 9 [ set color violet + 4 ] if health = 8 or health = 7 [ set color violet + 2 ] if health = 6 or health = 5 [ set color violet ] if health = 4 or health = 3 or health = 2 or health = 1 [ set color violet - 2 ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; GO FUNCTION ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to go ask turtles [ if health = 0 [ die ] ] ; poor health turtles die whichDirection ; depending on their age, decide whether turtle turns away when it sees an unsafe patch ahead ask turtles [fd 1 set numMovements numMovements + 1] ; keep track of how many movements turtles made ask turtles [ if [unsafe?] of patch-here = true [ set health health - 1 ifelse youngLearnFast? [increaseAvoidYoung ] [ increaseAvoidOld ] ] ] ; health decreses and avoidance increases if turtle lands on an unsafe patch ask turtles [ increaseAge ] ; turtles ages increase after certain time ifelse colorTurtleByAge [ ask turtles [setColorAge ] ] [ ask turtles [ setColorHealth ] ] ; the turtles are colored based either on their age or their health, which is chosen by the user if oldDeath? [ ask turtles [ if age >= 4 [die]] ] ; check the switch button to see if turtles should die from old age along with poor health tick hatchnew ; new turtles are hatched based on the number to hatch chosen by the user ; update all plots set-current-plot "TotalAge" clear-plot ask turtles [ ageGraph ] set-current-plot "TotalHealth" clear-plot ask turtles [ healthGraph ] set-current-plot "Health Vs Age" clear-plot ask turtles [ plotgraph ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; FUNCTIONS CALLED IN GO ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to whichDirection ask turtles [ if [unsafe?] of patch-ahead 1 = true [ decideFromAvoid ] ] ; depending on their age, decide whether turtle turns away when it sees an unsafe patch ahead end to increaseAvoidYoung ; younger turtles learn to avoid faster than the older turtles if age = 0 [ set probAvoid probAvoid + 12 ] if age = 1 [ set probAvoid probAvoid + 9 ] if age = 2 [ set probAvoid probAvoid + 6 ] if age >= 3 [ set probAvoid probAvoid + 3 ] if probAvoid > 100 [ set probAvoid 100 ] end to increaseAvoidOld ; older turtles learn to avoid faster than the younger turtles if age = 0 [ set probAvoid probAvoid + 3 ] if age = 1 [ set probAvoid probAvoid + 6 ] if age = 2 [ set probAvoid probAvoid + 9 ] if age >= 3 [ set probAvoid probAvoid + 12 ] if probAvoid > 100 [ set probAvoid 100 ] end to increaseAge ; age increased every certain number of ticks if numMovements mod 50 = 0 [ set age age + 1 ] if age > 4 [ set age 4 ] end to hatchnew ; hatch new turtles based on the frequency entered by the user set probHatch random(100) if probHatch < numHatch [ crt 1 [ setxy random-xcor random-ycor set age 0 set probAvoid 10 set numMovements 0 setHealth ] ] end to decideFromAvoid ; the probability of landing on the unsafe patch ahead depends on the turtles avoidance value set prob random(100) if prob < probAvoid [ set heading heading + 180 ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; PLOTS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to ageGraph ; bar chart that shows how many turtles of each age are in the world set currentAge age plotxy age count turtles with [ age = currentAge ] end to healthGraph ; bar chart that shows how many turtles of each health value are in the world set currentHealth health plotxy health count turtles with [ health = currentHealth ] end to plotgraph ; scatter plot showing the relation between age, health and avoidance value of the turtles in the world set-plot-pen-color scale-color red (probAvoid / 10) 10 0 plotxy health age end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 208 20 628 461 20 20 10.0 1 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -20 20 -20 20 0 0 1 ticks CC-WINDOW 5 1114 660 1209 Command Center 0 BUTTON 74 327 147 360 NIL setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL BUTTON 45 366 108 399 NIL go NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL BUTTON 111 366 166 399 NIL go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL SLIDER 19 59 177 92 numHatch numHatch 0 30 0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 20 21 178 54 numTurtles numTurtles 20 100 60 4 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 35 410 179 455 Total Number of turtles count turtles 0 1 11 MONITOR 14 504 134 549 # turtles w/ age = 0 count turtles with [ age = 0 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 15 602 135 647 # turtles w/ age = 2 count turtles with [ age = 2 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 15 553 134 598 # turtles w/ age = 1 count turtles with [ age = 1 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 13 652 135 697 # turtles w/ age >= 3 count turtles with [ age >= 3 ] 0 1 11 SWITCH 20 133 152 166 oldDeath? oldDeath? 1 1 -1000 PLOT 491 504 651 642 TotalAge Age Number 0.0 3.0 0.0 30.0 true false PENS "default" 1.0 1 -16777216 true SWITCH 20 96 152 129 colorTurtleByAge colorTurtleByAge 0 1 -1000 PLOT 491 647 651 786 TotalHealth Health Number 0.0 10.0 0.0 30.0 true false PENS "default" 1.0 1 -16777216 true MONITOR 15 816 147 861 # turtles w/ health = 1 count turtles with [ health = 1 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 153 815 284 860 # turtles w/ health = 2 count turtles with [ health = 2 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 15 865 147 910 # turtles w/ health = 3 count turtles with [ health = 3 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 153 864 284 909 # turtles w/ health = 4 count turtles with [ health = 4 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 15 914 147 959 # turtles w/ health = 5 count turtles with [ health = 5 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 154 912 284 957 # turtles w/ health = 6 count turtles with [ health = 6 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 15 962 147 1007 # turtles w/ health = 7 count turtles with [ health = 7 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 155 961 284 1006 # turtles w/ health = 8 count turtles with [ health = 8 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 15 1012 147 1057 # turtles w/ health = 9 count turtles with [ health = 9 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 156 1011 290 1056 # turtles w/ health = 10 count turtles with [ health = 10 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 317 815 508 860 # turtles w/ avoidance <=20 count turtles with [ probAvoid <= 20 ] 0 1 11 MONITOR 316 864 509 909 # turtles w/ 20 20 and probAvoid <= 40] 0 1 11 MONITOR 316 912 509 957 # turtles w/ 40 40 and probAvoid <= 60] 0 1 11 MONITOR 317 961 509 1006 # turtles w/ 60 60 and probAvoid <= 80] 0 1 11 MONITOR 317 1055 509 1100 # turtles w/ avoidance <=100 count turtles with [ probAvoid = 100] 0 1 11 MONITOR 317 1008 509 1053 # turtles w/ 80 80 and probAvoid <= 99] 0 1 11 PLOT 159 503 482 754 Health Vs Age Health Age 0.0 12.0 -1.0 5.0 true false PENS "default" 1.0 2 -16777216 true TEXTBOX 18 485 168 503 Age Monitors: 11 0.0 1 TEXTBOX 20 796 170 814 Health Monitors\n 11 0.0 1 TEXTBOX 322 793 472 811 Avoidance Monitors 11 0.0 1 SWITCH 20 170 153 203 youngLearnFast? youngLearnFast? 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 21 216 111 249 zone1 zone1 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 113 216 203 249 zone2 zone2 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 21 251 111 284 zone3 zone3 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 113 251 203 284 zone4 zone4 0 1 -1000 BUTTON 60 288 166 321 Create Zones createZones NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL @#$#@#$#@ WHAT IS IT? ----------- This model shows the relation between age and decision-making. Older turtles tend to make better decisions and avoid what is bad or unsafe. Health goes down when bad decisions are made. Turtles can reach immortality if they can learn to make the right decisions 100% of the times before they die from making several bad decisions. HOW IT WORKS ------------ NUMTURTLES slider determines how many turtles are going to be there at the beginning. NUMHATCH determines the number of turtles born every 100 ticks. COLORTURTLEBYAGE switch colors the turtles based on their age if it is on - white corresponding to the youngest turtles, and dark magenta corresponding to the oldest turtles. If the switch is off, it colors the turtles based on their health - white being the healthiest and dark violet being the unhealthiest. If OLDDEATH? switch is turned on, it means that turtles will die if they reach a certain old age. If it is turned off, then turtles will not die from old age; they will only die from poor health in that case. The YOUNGLEARNFAST? switch determines whether the young turtles learn faster or the older ones. When a turtle loses health by landing on an unsafe patch, its probability to avoid unsafe patches increases and based on that switch, the probabilty increases much more for younger ones than the older ones, or vice versa. CREATEZONES creates unsafe areas based on the selections on the switches zone1, zone2, zone3 and zone4. SETUP creates turtles based on the number specified in NUMTURTLES. It creates a range of turtles - an equal number of each possible age. It also distributes the turtles randomly in the world. GO makes the turtles move around the world randomly, avoiding unsafe patches based on their probability of avoidance, and getting older over time. The different monitors show how many turtles of each age, health or avoidance probability are currently present in the world. The plot of Health Vs Age shows the health of turtles with a certain age, and what their avoidance probaility is as well, which is represented by the color of the dots (white being turtles with low probabillity and the darker ones having a higher probability). HOW TO USE IT ------------- Turn the switch of whichever zones you want. Click on CREATEZONES to see the chosen zones. Select the number of turtles and the number to hatch, along with the correct switches for COLORTURTLEBYAGE, OLDDREATH? and YOUNGLEARNFAST. Then click Setup to have the choices made by the user show up in the world. Press GO (single) to see what happens one step at a time, or GO (forever) to see the commands being executed continuously. THINGS TO NOTICE ---------------- Do more turtles reach immortality (avoidance of 100%) if young turtles learn faster, or if older turtles learn faster? Why? Which zone or combination of zones seem to get more turtles reach immortality faster? What is generally the age and health of the turtles that reach 100% avoidance level? Is there a trend? Are there generally more older turtles or younger ones at any time in the world? THINGS TO TRY ------------- Try out different combinations of NUMTURTLES and zones with OLDDEATH? turned off and NUMHATCH set to 0. What is the health level of most of the turtles that reach immortality at the end? Notice the color of the dots in the Health Vs Age plot. The darker dots represent turtles with high avoidance level, and the lighter ones are turtles with low avoidance level. Play with the YOUNGLEARNFAST? button. Do more turtles reach high avoidance level if this is switched on or off? EXTENDING THE MODEL ------------------- It would be interesting to have the turtles color in a way that will represent both the age and haelth together. RELATED MODELS -------------- My previous model, PercentVisited_barriers shows how turtles learn to find and avoid unsafe patches that are distributed randomly around the world. CREDITS AND REFERENCES ---------------------- Thanks to Professor Paul Grobstein for helping to make the idea for this model more concrete and fellow student Evan Raskin for his help and expertise with Netlogo. @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true true 110 75 80 Line 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