|
|
Introduction to ActivitiesThe expression "hands-on, minds-on" summarizes the philosophy we have incorporated in these activities -- namely, that students will learn best if they are actively engaged and if their activities are closely linked to understanding important biological concepts. For example, it is helpful to use hands-on models to engage student interest and foster multiple modality learning, but it is crucial to closely link the modeling activity to the actual biological concepts the students are learning. Many of our activities are somewhat similar to other versions available on the Web or in print (as indicated in our acknowledgments), but the hands-on, minds-on versions offered here generally have a greater focus on linking the activity to student understanding and learning of important biological concepts. We encourage you to use our Word files to modify the Student Handouts to optimize learning for your students. For example, some of the questions in the Student Handouts are followed by information that essentially answers the preceding question, and you may want to omit this material from the Student Handouts if you prefer to use classroom discussion to convey this material. Also, you may want to incorporate some of the suggestions for alternative approaches in the Teacher Preparation Notes. These activities cover a broad range of biological topics. They are listed in one possible effective sequence for learning biology. The introductory activities deal with the characteristics of life, experimental method, and diffusion. The mitosis, meiosis and fertilization activity is closely linked to the basic genetics activity, since understanding of the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization provides the basis for understanding genetics. Three additional genetics activities provide options for more in-depth learning concerning genetics. The two molecular biology activities can be used in sequence to teach students about the structure and function of DNA and RNA. The topics for the next group of activities include evolution by natural selection, exponential growth of populations, and a few aspects of biological diversity, including bacteria and invertebrates. The last group of activities is concerned with several aspects of human physiology, and the heart rate activity provides an opportunity to reinforce student understanding of scientific method. All of the activities have been effective in our teaching in local high schools or middle schools, and most have been presented in workshops for middle school and high school teachers where they have been well received. We have incorporated many helpful suggestions for improvements from K-12 teachers and University of Pennsylvania colleagues and students; we thank everyone who has contributed and invite you to send any suggestions or comments to iwaldron@sas.upenn.edu. We also appreciate NSF support for Jennifer Doherty through a GK-12 grant to the University of Pennsylvania.
|
Supplies: Most of these activities can be carried out with minimum equipment and expense for supplies. Sources for needed equipment and supplies are indicated in the Teacher Preparation Notes. Printing the Labs and Teacher Preparation Notes: Each lab is available as an Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) file (a viewer-friendly and printer-friendly format), and as a Word file (which you are welcome to edit as appropriate for use in your classroom). You must have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your computer to read the PDF files. If you don't have it already on your computer, you can download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader software here. |
Is Yeast Alive?Students evaluate whether the little brown grains of yeast obtained from the grocery store are alive by testing for metabolism and growth.
Moldy Jell-OStudents design experiments to determine how substrate and environmental conditions influence growth of common molds.
Diffusion: Molecular Transport across MembranesStudents investigate diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane (dialysis tubing) and discuss applications to understanding the selectively permeable cell membrane. This activity includes a demonstration of osmosis (diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane).
Mitosis, Meiosis and FertilizationSockosome models of chromosomes (made from pairs of socks) are used to illustrate the principles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization.
GeneticsThese activities help students to understand the basic principles of genetics, including Punnett squares and pedigree analysis. The understanding of meiosis and fertilization developed in the previous hands-on activity is linked to the understanding of basic principles of genetics.
Dragon Genetics -- Independent Assortment and Gene LinkageStudents learn the principles of independent assortment and gene linkage in activities which analyze inheritance of multiple genes on the same or different chromosomes in hypothetical dragons. Students learn how these principles derive from the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization.
Dragon Genetics -- Principles of Mendelian GeneticsStudents learn the principles of Mendelian genetics by using Popsicle sticks, each of which represents a pair of homologous chromosomes with multiple genetic traits. Pairs of students use their sets of Popsicle sticks to represent a mating and then identify the genetic makeup and phenotypic traits of the resulting baby dragon.
Using Blood Tests to Identify Babies and CriminalsStudents learn the genetics and immunobiology of the ABO blood type system, using simple chemicals and logical reasoning to solve a murder mystery and to determine whether two babies were switched in the hospital.
DNAStudents extract DNA from their cheek cells and relate the steps in the procedure to the characteristics of cells and DNA. Students learn about DNA structure and replication during the intervals required for the extraction procedure.
From Gene to Protein - Transcription and TranslationStudents learn how a gene provides the instructions for making a protein, and how the gene for sickle cell hemoglobin results in sickle cell anemia. Simple paper models are used to help students learn the basic molecular biology of transcription and translation.
Evolution by Natural SelectionPrinciples of natural selection are demonstrated by a simulation involving different color pompoms on different color and texture habitats and student feeders equipped with different types of feeding implement. Students learn how different adaptations contribute to differences in survival and reproductive success, which results in changing frequencies of genotypes in the populations.
Some Similarities between the Spread of an Infectious Disease and Population GrowthA simple simulation demonstrates exponential spread of infectious disease in a population, and discussion questions develop student understanding of how human diseases spread. Additional discussion questions and a graphing activity develop an understanding of exponential and logistic population growth.
Microorganisms EverywhereStudents collect samples from a variety of locations to grow on agar plates and then examine the resultant bacterial colonies.
Antibiotic ResistanceThese experiments test for antibiotic resistance in bacteria found in the environment and in a culture of Escherichia coli.
Luminescent BacteriaStudents observe the growth of luminescent bacteria.
Invertebrate DiversityStudents compare basic characteristics of earthworms, snails, and several arthropods, all of which can be purchased at low cost from local pet stores.
Regulation of Human Heart RateStudents learn how to measure heart rate accurately. Then students design and carry out an experiment to test the effects of an activity or stimulus on heart rate, analyze and interpret the data, and present their experiments in a poster session.
Breathing and Holding Your BreathStudents begin with interactive activities to develop a basic understanding of regulation of breathing and then carry out an experiment to test whether changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide influence how long they can hold their breath.
Studying Our SensesStudents investigate how a person identifies different flavors of jellybeans and explore the surprising ways the brain interprets the patterns of light and dark that reach our eyes.
Sexual Health and ReproductionThis activity provides questions and Web sites to guide student investigation of birth control methods, fetal development, risks of alcohol and smoking during pregnancy, changes during puberty, and HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Get the Lead Out! GameThis board game reinforces learning about the sources and biological hazards of lead exposure.
|
If you have any comments or would like additional information, please contact Ingrid Waldron at iwaldron@sas.upenn.edu. © 2003-2008 by Dr. Ingrid Waldron, Jennifer Doherty, and Drs. Mecky Pohlschroder and Scott Poethig, University of Pennsylvania Biology Department, and Bob Farber, Central High School, Philadelphia Teachers are encouraged to copy and modify these labs for use in their teaching. |